Calorimeter.



No. 808,693. PATENTED JAN. 2, 1906. L. SGHUTTE & E. KRTING.

CALORIMETER.

APPLIOATION FILED JULY 7, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 808,693. PATENTED JAN. 2, 1906u L. SGHUTTE Kv E. KRTING GALORIMETBR.

APPLIOATION HLBD JULY 7, 1904.

N0. 808,693. PATENTED JAN. 2, 1906. L. SGHUTTE @L E. KRTING.

GALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 7. 1004.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No. 808,693. PATENTED JAN. 2, 1906. L. SCHUTI'E 6L E. KRTING.

CALORIMETER.

APPLICATION FILED JULY '1, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

Y UNITE STATES Parana muon.,

LOUIS SOHUTTE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, AND ERNST KORTING, OF PEGLI, ITALY, ASSIGNORS TO SOHUTTE AND KOERTING COMPANY, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

CALORHVIETER.

I Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 2, 1906.

Application tiled July '7, 1904. Serial No. 215,596.

To n/ZZ whom, it puny concern:

Be it known that we, LOUIS SOHUTTE, a citizen of the United States of America, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, and ERNST KR- TING, a subject of the German Emperor, residing in Pegli, county of Genoa, Province of Liguria, Kingdom of Italy, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Oalorimeters for Measuring the I-Ieating Value of Gases, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part thereof.

Our invention relates to the construction of calorimeters for measuring the heating value of gases, and has for its object to provide an accurate and efficient and practically automatic apparatus for this purpose.

Our apparatus, like others provided for the purpose, embodies the use of a heater for heating water or other fiuid, said heater being heated by a gas-burner supplied with the gas whose heating properties it is desired to ascertain, and the heating value of the gas is determined by ascertaining the amount of heat imparted to the water passing through the heater; and, broadly speaking, the leading feature of our invention consists in supplying the water and gas to the heater through interconnected means by which both fluids are supplied in automatically-fixed proportion to each other.

Other features of our invention will be best understood as described in connection with the drawings in which our invention is illustrated, and in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus embodying our improvements in what we believe to be their best form, the burner connections at bottom and the water and gas connections at topbeing shown in vertical section. Fig. 2 is a front view of the same apparatus on the section-line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 2a is a detail imperfectly shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the supply ports and valve, taken on the section-line 3 3 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the latch shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a modiiied form of apparatus also embodying the leading features of our invention. Fig. 6 is a front view of this modiiied apparatus. Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of the apparatus, taken on the sectionline 7 7 of Fig. 5. Fig. 8 is a cross-section taken on an irregular section-line indicated at 8 8 in Fig. 7. Figs. 9, 10, and 11 indicate somewhat-modiiied details of the construction shownin Figs. 5 to 8. Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of our thermostatic indicating apparatus for visually indicatingthe results obtained in the working of the apparatus. Fig. 13 is a section through our preferred form of heater, taken on the line 13 13 of Fig. 14; and Fig. 14 is a cross-secton on the line 14. 14 of Fig. 13.

Referring Erst to the construction shown in Figs. 1 to 4, A indicates the base of the apparatus, `from the center of which extends upwardly the boss A, furnished with ports by which the gas passes to the burner and waste water is permitted to escape from the surrounding chamber formed by the upwardlyextending walls A5. A2 A2 indicate upwardly-extending arms or walls which pass on opposite sides of the heater and are united by the part indicated at A3, which has various ports formed in it, as will be described, and on which is supported the upper part of the apparatus. B is the gas-port formed in the boss A and connecting, as will be described, with the gas-supply pipe M, and B/ is the port formed in the lower end of the boss A and connecting with the wastepipe indicated at Y in Fig. 1. The boss A supports the heater O through the arms O O', and the section M', in which they merge and through which is formedv a port communicating directly with the burner indicated at D and also preferablywith a pilot-burner, (indicated at D.) An equalizing gas-reservoir (indicated at L) is also connected with the gas-port through a pipe W, as shown in Fig. 13, and a similar gas-equalizing reservoir is connected with the gas-supply, though not directly with the burner, in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The construction of the heater O which we prefer to use in our apparatus is best shown in Figs. 13 and 14. It consists of an outer-cylindrical casing O2, across the lower portion of which and immediately above the burner is set the partition O3, supporting at its edge the annular integral ring c3 and IOO formed with perforations extending through this ring and through its bottom in an annular series, as shown. At an intermediate point in the cylinder C2 are secured the annular rings indicated at C4 and C5, set quite close together, the space between them being formed into an annular chamber C14 by means of the ring C, which is secured to both the rings C4 and C5, as shown. At the top of the cylinder C2 is secured the annular ring C7, while at C8 we have indicated a perforated top or cover vfor the cylinder` The ring C'4 is formed with an inwardly-projecting extension C12, which corresponds in shape to and is situated directly beneath a corresponding inward projection C2 of the ring C7, while the rings C4 and C5 are formed with inwardlyprojecting chambers, (indicated at C11 and C10.) C1r4 C13 indicate an annular series of gas-tubes connecting the rings C3 'and C4 and extending through the bottom of the first and the top of the second, as shown, and the rings are further connected by the series of tubes or conduits C1 C19, ac., which connect the ring-chambers with each other and surround the conduits C13, the rings and conduits described forming the lower of two sections into which each heater is divided. The upper section, comprehended between the rings C5 and C7 is similarly formed of gas-tubes C15 and water-tubes C17, surrounding the gastubes, and the water supply is received through the conduit C1, which opens, as shown, directly into the chamber C10 of the rings C5, while the upper ring C7 is connected through its chamber C0 and the vert-ical conduit C18 with the chamber C12 of the ring C3 of the lower section of the heater, while the outlet-pipe of the composite heater is the conduit C20, which connects, as shown, with a chamber C11 of the ring C4. It will thus be seen that the water entering the heater through conduit C1*i passes first to the ring C5, thence through the conduit C17 to the ring C7, thence through the conduit C18 to the ring C2, thence through the conduit C1J to the ring C4, and thence through the conduit C21. In this way the colder water is to be found in the upper section ofthe heater and the warmer water in the lower section of the heater, so that as the gases arising through the tubes C13 and C15 impart their heat to the water they are met constantly by colder water in the upper regions of the heater and the more active and complete absorption of heat thus insured.

Referring next to Fig. 12 of the drawings, it will be seen that inlet C1 and outlet C20, leading to and from the heater, are connected at their upper ends to the conduit-chambers E and E', which at their upper ends connect at E2 and E3 with the inlet-pipe V and the outlet-pipe V2. In each of the chambers E and E is situated a closed chamber, (indicated,\respect1vely, at E4 and E2) and into each of these chambers extends a plunger,

(indicated at EG and E7,) the-iplungers of course extending through the stuiiing-boxe's in the heads of the chambers E4 and The upper or exposed ends of the plungers have secured to them the stops or collars indicated at Es ES, against which rest the ends of a double-arm lever E10, pivoted at E9 to a vertically-guided slide E1, which is drawn downward by the action of the spring E17 and supports at its lower end the segmentallygraduated index indicated at E11. A downwardly-extending lever-arm E11 (best shown in Fig. 6) connects the lever E10 with an indicating-finger E12, which is preferably formed slotted, as shown, and secured to a slotted support (indicated at E14) through an adjustable pin E15. F and F7 are thermometers connected with the inlet and outlet conduits and by which the automatic thermostatic indicator can be regulatedl and verified.

lt will be best to describe the operation of the indicating mechanism before passing to other parts of the apparatus, and we will therefore point out that the chambers E4 and and their connections constitute a thermostatic indicating device, The chambers E4 and E5 are iilled with water or other liquid, and as this liquid is heated and expands in volume the plungers E and E7 are necessarily forced out to make room for the expanding liquid. Cf course the heat of the two thermostatic devices corresponds to the extreme temperatures of the incoming or outgoing water or other liquid, and the relative position of the plungers will vary in accordance with this difference, and obviously the dii-ference will be indicated on a properly-graduated scale by the indicating-'finger actuated by the arm E10, which rests upon the collars secured on the plungers. It will be seen that in the device indicated the ends of the arm E10 are always kept in contact with the collars and the plungers drawn downward by the action of the spring E17 and that as the graduated index is secured to the slide E1", as is also the indicating-tingen the up-anddown motion of this slide will have no effect upon the position of the indicating-finger. The advantage of the adjusting device described in connection with the indicating-finger will be readily recognized, as it Kenables a nice adjustment of the scale to be made with the least possible trouble, and of course dii'- ferent scales can be secured to the` slide at will. i

IOC

Returning now to the, construction illusports B2 and B3 are alternately connectedwith the port B5. G and G are open-top receptacles the bottoms of which connect with the ends of the ports B2 and B3. As shown,

'they are each provided near their upper ends with shoulders, (indicated at G2,) and each is shown as fitted-with an overllow-pipe G3, which extends downward through a stulingbox and is vertically adjustable through adjusting devices (indicated at G4 G4). From the top of the cylindrical portion of the base A3 extends a hollow supporting-cylinder H, which, through arms H at its top, supports the valve-casing indicated at H2. The cylinder H also supports at its sides the pivotarms indicated at H3 H3, to the ends of which are connected the movable vertical vessels indicated at N and N; but before describing these vessels we will return to the valve-casing H2 (shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3) and explain that I indicates a water-supply pipe connecting with the diverging ports indicated at I I, said ports terminating in 1 valve-seated openings I2 and I3, the openings being directlyY above the open tops of the chambers N and N. The pipe K is the gassupply pipe which connects with the downwardly-extending port K and through it with the two-way cock K2, which also connects with the ports K3 and K4, which in turn connect, through the downwardly-extending conduits K5 and K, with the two bell-like .extensions indicated at K7 and K8, which extend down into the tops of the vessels N and N, as is shown in Figs. l and 2. The valve-casing is also, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, provided with a gas-storing and pressureequalizing device L L2, being an inverted cylindrical vessel set in the upwardly-extending casing and in communication with the gas-space of the valve-casing H2 through ar perforated pipe L and a port K10, communicating at bottom with a port K2, from which also leads the gas-pipe M, by which the gas passes to the burner ol the water-heater. J and J indicate puppet-valves, which are actuated by gravity to close the ports I2 and I3 and are provided with depending rods, (indicated at J2 J2,) which as the vessels N and N rise come in contact with partitionsl in said vessels and are raised, raising thel valves and permitting the iniiow of water to It will also be seen that the plugcock K2 is provided with an actuating-lever K12, which is connected by a link K13 (see Fig. 2) with the top of the vessel N, so that as this vessel rises and falls the plug-cock is shifted in position so as to shut off the gassupply to the vessel N when it is in its raised position and connect the gas-supply to the vessel N', then in its lower position, and to reverse the connections with the shift in the position of the two vessels.

The construction of the two vessels N and N is the same. They are both open-topped cylinders, each provided with bottom pieces N, Jformed with valve-seated openings normally closed by puppet-valves l 4 and each provided with va dependent cup-like device N2, extending over the valve and acting as a water seal to prevent the escape of gas. Both of the vessels are also provided with annular partitions with upwardly-extending pipe-like projections, as indicated at N6, thev bells K7 and K8 extending down over these pipe-like projections and forming with them and the annular partitions water seals to prevent the escape of gas from the top of the vesselsN and N. On the side of one of the vessels N, as shown, is formed a latch-engaging bar, as indicated at N2, Fig. 2, and on a larger scale in Fig. 4.

O is a fixed pivot on which is pivoted the latch-lever O, having the outwardly-extending arm O2, to an intermediate point of which is connected the vertically-depending rod O3, supporting a loosely-fitting piston O4, seated in the cylindrical support H. To the outer end of the lever O2 is secured the depending rod O5, drawn downward by the action of the spring O6.

At N10, Fig. 2, we have shown a lug extending out from the bottom of the vessel N and connecting through a rod K with a lever X, which in turn is connected to the plug-cock working in the seat B4.

To explain the operation of the devices above described, it will be seen that, the parts being in the position shown in Fig. 2, the ves'- sels are latched by the engagement of the latch-lever O with the detent-bar N2; In this position the valve J is opened, and the water coming through the supply-pipe I therefore iiows down through the open port I3 into the top of the vessel N and through the water seal and pipe-like extension NG and bell K8 into vessel N. The displaced gas in vessel N flows upward through the port K4 and thence through the plug-cock K2 to the chamber K2, where it is at once in communication with the reservoir L and through the conduit M with the burner of the heating device. `In coming to its lowermost position the vessel N brings the valve-rod N5 of its outlet-valve l 4 into contact with the shoulder G2, which, lifting the valve, permits the water previously contained in it to run out into the receptacle G. While the water runs out the gas from the gas-conduit K passes through the plug-cock K2 and port K5 to the bell K7 and through it and the pipe extension K1 into the body of the vessel N, taking the place of the water as the water exhausts therefrom. It will be seen that each of the vessels N and N is provided with an outlet IOO y pipe N7, leading from a point near its outer end and opening immediately above the cylindrical port H. As soon, therefore, as the water flowing into one of these vessels reaches the height of the outlet-pipe N7 it will flow into the cylindrical port H and upon the piston O4, gradually leading this piston to a point which will counteract the spring O0 and will draw down the lever-arm O2 and release the catch-lever O from the detent N0. As soon as this occurs the loaded vessel will at once fall to its lowermost position and the vessel from which the water has escaped rise to its uppermost position. This motion cuts off the supply of water to the full vessel, and the leaky piston O4 soon permits it to escape, whereupon the action of the spring O returns the catch-lever to operative position, which will be either above or below the detent N0. It will be seen that the plug-cock K2 will be reversed by the shifting of the vessels through the described connection of the link K13 and lever K12, and of course all the other valve positions already described will be reversed, as the apparatus is in duplicate on both sides.

We have already described how the water delivered into the receptacles G and G is in turn delivered from these receptacles to the water-heater and will here only note that the rising and falling of the vessel N through the rod X and valve-lever X reverses the position of the valve in the seat B, permitting the water to be drawn alternately from the receptacles G and G', in which the volume of the Water is regulated by the adjustable outflow pipes G7, as already described.

Passing now to the modified construction illustrated in Figs. 5 to 8, the construction of the heater and of the thermostatic indicating mechanism is all virtually the same as that already described. In place of the reciprocating vessels N and N we prefer to use we showin this modified apparatus a pump construction in which the water is used in two pump-cylinders to actuate the pistons in 'two gas-cylinders, the Water being exhausted from the pump-cylinders to the heater and the gas being driven from the gas-cylinders to the burner--an action which, it is obvious, is strictly analogous to that which takes place in the reciprocating receptacles N and N of our preferred construction, in which we utilize the water directly as the piston for drawing in and expelling the gas. Referring to the construction illustrated, P indicates the cylinder-casing; P and P2, the water-cylinders; P3 and P1, the gas-cylinders. The water-pistons are shown at P5 and Pi and are rigidly connected by the piston-rod P7, having at its center the collars indicated at P11. The gas-pistons are shown at P8 and P 9 and are connected by the rod P10, having the collar construction indicated at P12. On each side of the casting and between the upper and lower cylinders are secured, in the construction shown, the longitudinally-supporting bars P13 P12, formed with three sets of pin-holes, (indicated at P11, P15, and P10.) In the construction illustrated in Fig. 7 the cross-bars P13 are secured in place by bolts P17, and in the modification of Fig. 9 a shaft P18 is indicated as adapted to extend through the casting and having eccentrically set pins P10 P10, to which the ends of the cross-bars P13 are secured, so that by turning the shaft P18 the cross-bars can be raised or lowered. At P20 We have shown an outwardly-extending boss secured to one of the cross-bars for purposes which will be described. Referring now to the valve and port system of the pump, Q indicates an inlet-chamber, and Q an outlet-chamber for water. Q2 is a chamber which connects through ports Q3 and Q1 with the inlet and outlet chambers, and which chamber also communicates, through lateral ports and Q0, with the pump-cylinders P and P2. This chamber Q2 is filled by a plug (70, having a central longitudinal chamber Q0, which communicates, through a port Q7,with the inlet-port Q3,while ports indicated at Q0 and Q10 extend from the outer end of the plug and communicate with the ports and Q0. tion, is not a valve or plug-cock and is simply a convenient way of constructing the device, remaining` entirely stationary and without motion, so that it might just as well be a part of the solid casting if it were convenient to make it. The valve vproper is indicated at R and has the form indicated in Figs. 7 and 8, an internal chamber extending from side to side, as indicated at R and R2, though the extension R2 is simply for balancing pressure, the function of the valve being performed by the alternate connecttion of its chamber Rl to the ports Q0 and Q10, and the connection of said ports in alternation around and over the valve with the outlet-port Q1. The valve is actuated through a stem R3, extending through the central cavity of the plug (10 and having, preferably, the enlarged cup-leather packing indicated at R4, by which the pressure of the water tends to hold the valve to its seat, as the cup-leather packing is given a larger area than that of the valve. The end of the actuating-shaft R3 has secured to it the disk R5, to one point of which is attached the crankpin R0, (see Figs. 6 and 8,) a connecting-rod R7 being coupled to this crank-pin and having surrounding it a spring R0, the upper end of which is held in position by a washer, (indicated at R8.) Around the spring, which is indicated at R0, extends the cylindrical casing R10, having a shoulder R11 at its bottom, on which the spring rests, and preferably a tubular extension R12,which surrounds the rod R7. As shown, the upper part of the cylinder R10 is connected by arms R13 with a le- This plug, it is well to men- ICO ISO

ver-arm T1, to be described. Returning now to the connections made directly with the piston-rods, S is a lever which is pivoted by a pin S0 to the cross-bars P13 and has forked extensions S and S1, which are engaged by the collars P11 and P12 on the piston-rods, so that the pivot-lever S will be moved back and forward on its pivot as the actuating pump-pistons are moved back and forward, and with the effect of giving to the gas-pistons a corresponding, though reversed, movement. The provision of the three pivot pin-holes (indicated at P11, P15, and P10) is to enable the point of pivoting the lever S to be varied, with a corresponding variation in the stroke of the water-piston, the arrangement being such that the gas-pistons move through their full strokes in every adjustment. A similar adjustment is made by the eccentric device indicated and described in Fig. 9 of the drawings, though we have indicated this device not so much to make the full shifts desirable as to provide for intermediate shifts between those indicated by the positions of the pin-holes. In Fig. 11 we have illustrated a necessary modification to be used in connection with the mechanism for shifting the vertical position of the crossbars P11-such, for instance, as that shown in Fig. 9. It is obvious that asthe supporting-bars are shifted a corresponding change should be made in the pivot-holes of the lever S or its equivalent, and in Fig. 11 we have shown a bent lever S0 as taking the place of the lever S, having a slot S7 formed in it and an adjustable bar adjustably secured in this slot by a bolt S0 and provided with pin perforations S3, S1, and S5. Setscrews S10 S10 are also provided for securely holdin this adjustable bar in position and for ma ring nice adjustments in its position.

It will be seen (see Figs. 7 and'S) that from the upper end S2 of the lever S we have provided an extension-boss T, supporting a pin, to the end of which is pivotally connected a lever-arm T', said lever-arm being pivoted at the end of a link T0, connected with the crossbar P13, through its boss P10, and the lever having also the arm T1, to which arm is connected the cylinder R10, already described, and through it connection made with the valve disk R0, while another connection from the arm T2 is made by the rod T1 and the spring T5, secured on its end with levers T0 and T1, (best shown in Fig. 6,) the ends of which engage with detents T8 and T0, formed in the periphery of the disk R5, the disengagement of these levers with the detents being effected by the contact with them of the nuts indicated at T10 and T11.

Returning to Figs. 7 and 8, it will be seen that ports U and U lead from the ends of the gas-cylinders connected through valveported openings with the gas-outlet passage U10, which in turn connects directly with the burner-passage indicated at M. (Shown in Fig. 13.) The valves controlling the ports are indicated at US and U0, and into these ports lead also inlet-ports U2 and U3, controlled by valves U1 and U1, the inlet-port for gas being indicated at U1.

The operation of the above-described modification of our apparatus will be readily followed. The water from the inlet-chamber Q, which connects through a pipe V, Fig. 6, with a source of air-supply, passes through the ports Q3 and Q1 to the inlet-passage Q8 and thence through the chamber of the valve R to either the ports Q5 or Q0. On entering, for instance, the chamber P the water will push the piston P5 to the right, while the water in front of the piston P0 is forced out of the cylinder, through the port Q5 and round the valve R, to the outlet-passage Q and thence to the water-heater. It is of course obvious how the motion of the pistons P5 and P0 communicates motion through the lever S to the gas-pistons P8 and P0, the gas being brought in, for instance, through the valve U5 to the chamber P1 and expelled from the chamber P3 through valve U8 and chamber U10, through which it passes to the burner. It will be obvious that the shifting of the rod P10, acting through the lever-arms T and T2 and through the spring R0, and its connections will tend to rotate the disk R, and the valve connected with it, alternately in different directions. The immediate transmission of this motion is, however, prevented by the latching-levers T0 and T1, one of which is normally engaged with the disk through one of the disk-notches and holds it stationary until one of the nuts T10 or T11 comes in contact with the engaged latch-lever and forces it out of the latch, whereupon the action of the spring R0 will at once turn the valve to its reversed position. We have already described sufficiently the adjustments which'are made in the devices by which the total movements of the water pistons with reference to the movements of the gas-pistons are regulated.

Having now described our invention,what we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-.

l. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in combination a heater for water or other liquid and a gasbu-rner for heating the same, means for measuring the heat imparted to the liquid in the heater, means for feeding liquid through the heater, and means for forcing gas to the gasburner, said means controlling the liquid and gas supply being so interconnected that the volumes of liquid and gas are delivered to the heater and burner in automatically-fixed proportion to each other.

2. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in combination a heater for water or other liquid and a gasburner for heating the same ,means for meas- IOO IIO

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uring the heat imparted to the liquid in the heater, means for feeding liquid through the l1eater,means for forcing gas to the gas-burner, said means controlling the liquid and gas supply being so interconnected that the volumes of liquid and gas are delivered to the heater and burnerin automatically-fixed proportion to each other, and means for adjusting the interconnected mechanism for supplying liquid and gas to vary the proportional relationship of the liquid and gas.

3. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in combination a heater for water or other liquid and a gasburner for heating the same, means for measuring the heat imparted to the liquid in the heater, means for feeding liquid through the heater, means for forcing gas to the gasburner, said means controlling the liquid and gas supply being interconnected so that the volumes of liquid and gas are delivered to the heater and burnerin automatically-fixed proportion to each other, and means for adjusting the interconnected mechanism for supplying liquid and gas to vary the proportionate supply of water Without affecting the actual volume of gas supplied to the burner.

4. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in combination a heater for Water or other liquid, said heater having inlet and outlet ports and a gasburner for heating the same, means for feeding liquid through the heater, means for forcing gas to the burner, said means controlling the liquid and gas supply being so interconnected that the volume of liquid and gas are delivered in automatically-fixed proportion to each other, two thermostats, one connected to the inlet-port and the other to the outletport of the heater, and an indicator actuated by the relative movements of said thermostats for indicating the heat imparted to the liquid.

5. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in. combination a heater for water or other liquid, said heater having inlet and outlet ports and a gasburner for heating the same, means for feeding liquid through the heater, means for forcing gas to the burner, said means controlling the li uid and gas supply being so interconnecte that the volumes of liquid and gas are delivered in automatically-fixed proportion to each other, two thermostats, one connected to the inlet-port and the other to the outletport of the heater, an indicator actuated by the relative movements of said thermostats for indicating the heat imparted to the liquid, and two thermometers, one connected to the inlet and the other to the outlet of the heater for setting and verifying the thermostatic indicator.

6. A calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases having in combination a heater for water or other liquid, said heater lated by the thermostats as described and an indicator actuated by the rocking arm E10, and having an adjustable pivot.

7. In a calorimeter for measuring the heating value of gases, a heater C, having two sets of gas and water conduits the one set placed above the other and the gas-conduits in both sets connected in series, a water-inlet conduit leading to the bottom of the upper set, a conduit leading from the top of the upper to the bottom of the lower set and an outletconduit leading from the top of the lower set, a gas-burner situated below the lower set of conduits, means for feeding water through the heater and forcing gas to the burner in automatically-regulated proportionate volumes, and means connected with the inlet and outlet conduits of the heater for measuring the heat imparted to the water.

8. In a calorimeter for ascertaining the heating value of gases, and having a heater for water or other liquid, a gas-burner for heating the same and means for measuring the heat imparted to the water, the combination of the vessels N, N, and means for supporting said vessels so that one moves up as the other moves down, a latch for securing said vessels in their extreme up-and-down positions valves in the bottoms of vessels N, and N, for permitting the outflowqof water therefrom into receptacles connected with the heater, means for automatically opening said valves when the vessel is in its lower position, water and gas supply conduits leading into each vessel, means whereby water is supplied therethrough to the vessels when in their upper positions, and means actuated by the lling of the vessels with water for releasing the latch holding the vessels in fixed position and permitting their positions to shift by gravity.

9. In a calorimeter for ascertaining the heating value of gases, and havingra heater for water or other liquid, a gas-burner for heating the same and means for measuring the heat imparted to the water, the combination of the vessels N, N, and means for supporting said vessels so that one moves up as the other moves down, a latch for securing said vessels in their extreme up-and-down positions, valves in the bottoms of vessels N, and N, for permitting the outflow of water therefrom, into receptacles connected with the heater, means for automatically opening said valves when the vessel is in its lower po- IOO IIO

sition, water and gas supply conduits leading into each Vessel, means whereby water is supplied therethrough to the Vessels when in their upper positions, means whereby gas is supplied to the Vessels in their lower positions and exhausted therefrom to the burner in their upper positions, means actuated by the filling of the Vessels with water for releasing the latch holding thervessels in fixed position and permitting their positions to shift by gravity, receptacles arranged to receive the water Jfrom Vessels N, N, said receptacles being connected to the heater7 means whereby said receptacles are alternately connected to supply the heater and adjustable waste-conduits leading from each` said receptacles whereby the Volumev of water supplied to the heater can be reduced in any desired proportion.

LOUIS SQHUTTE. ERNST KORTING.

Witnesses as to the signature of Ernst Krting:

ANGELO BORAZIM, A. FERRARI. 

